ANATOMY, HISTOLOGICAL, HISTOCHEMICAL, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ESOPHAGUS BETWEEN TWO SPECIES OF BIRD OSTRICH (STRUTHIO CAMELUS LINNAEUS 1758) AND TURKEY (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO)

Abstract

This research aimed to reveal the differences in macroscopic, microscopic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features of the esophagus between ostrich and turkey. The present study takes seven male turkeys and seven male ostriches birds without to determine to sex in both bird. All the birds were collected from Diyala province during the summer season (from July to september) and the birds were euthanized by anesthesia with Xylazine and Ketamine . Specimens of the esophagus (cranial, middle, and caudal parts) were taken and fixed for microscopic, immunohistochemically and biochemical examination. The esophagus in turkey consisted of three parts, while the ostrich consists of two parts, it lacks the crop (second part) .in both birds The first part of the esophagus was more prolonged than the thoracic in both birds. Histologically the esophagus in both birds is composed of four layers , the mucosa it is covered by thick keratinized stratified squamous epithelium also in the same layer expression localization of neurotransmitter of serotonin receptor by immunohistochemical methods.T`he glands present in lamina propria in each bird increase distally, the type of the gland was tubular acinar in turkey and simple tubular in ostrich. the type of gland was tubular acinar in turkey and simple tubular in ostrich. The submucosa in turkey was difficult to distinguish while in ostrich was well developed and the  muscularis tunica was different in both bird .

Key word: Anatomy, Histology. Esophagus, Ostrich, turkey